Entry 10
Probiotic science page
Uses fatty acid metabolism modulation to reduce abdominal adiposity and improve H. pylori-associated dyspepsia, with human RCT support.
Overview
L. gasseri SBT2055 is a probiotic strain developed by Snow Brand Milk Products (now Megmilk Snow Brand, Japan) [4][5]. LG21 (also called OLL2716) is a different L. gasseri strain from Meiji Co. (Japan). It has overlapping applications in upper gastrointestinal health [1]. L. gasseri stayed in the emended genus Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus sensu stricto) after the 2020 reclassification [6]. Some recent literature uses the name L. paragasseri for SBT2055 [7].
Mechanism
SBT2055 has antioxidant activity. It turns on stress-response genes and scavenges reactive oxygen species (in vitro) [5]. In mouse models, SBT2055 blocks inflammation in fat tissue. It reduces intestinal leakiness. It changes gut microbiota composition in animals fed a high-fat diet (animal) [4]. LG21/OLL2716 suppresses Helicobacter pylori. It does this by competing for stomach adhesion sites and changing the native gastric microbiota [1]. OLL2716 also produces bacteriocin-like substances (bacteria-killing compounds) active against H. pylori (in vitro) [1].
Health Benefits
A multicenter randomized double-blind controlled trial showed that OLL2716 improved H. pylori-associated dyspepsia symptoms compared to placebo (RCT) [2]. An RCT showed OLL2716 relieved functional dyspepsia in H. pylori-uninfected individuals. It also showed effects on delayed gastric emptying (RCT) [3]. For SBT2055 specifically, human clinical trial evidence is limited. Most data come from animal and lab studies. These show improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in rats (animal) [4]. They also show antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects (in vitro) [5]. Human RCTs confirm SBT2055’s anti-obesity effects. Kadooka et al. showed that SBT2055 in fermented milk significantly reduced abdominal adiposity in adults with obese tendencies over 12 weeks [8] (RCT). A second RCT by Kadooka et al. confirmed reduced abdominal adiposity in adults over 24 weeks [9] (RCT). Ogawa et al. showed SBT2055 reduced postprandial and fasting serum non-esterified fatty acid levels in hypertriacylglycerolemic subjects [10] (RCT). Ogawa et al. also showed SBT2055 promoted fecal fat excretion in healthy Japanese subjects [11] (RCT).
Biology
L. gasseri stayed in Lactobacillus sensu stricto. It was not moved to a new genus by Zheng et al. 2020. It is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium. It produces only lactic acid from sugar. It ferments hexoses mainly to L-lactic acid. The species lives in the human gastrointestinal tract and vagina [1]. Some recent literature calls SBT2055 L. paragasseri. This reflects taxonomic uncertainty within the L. gasseri species complex [7]. Zheng et al. (2020) kept L. gasseri within the emended genus Lactobacillus [6].
Bibliography
Koga Y, Ohtsu T, Kimura K, Asami Y. (2019). Probiotic L. gasseri strain (LG21) for the upper gastrointestinal tract acting through improvement of indigenous microbiota. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 6(1):e000314. PMID: 31523442
Takagi A, et al. (2016). Effects of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 on Helicobacter pylori-Associated Dyspepsia: A Multicenter Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016:7490452. PMID: 27478434
Ohtsu T, et al. (2017). The Ameliorating Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2716 on Functional Dyspepsia in Helicobacter pylori-Uninfected Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Study. Digestion. 96(2):92-102. PMID: 28768250
Kawano M, et al. (2016). Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 inhibits adipose tissue inflammation and intestinal permeability in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Sci. 5:e23. PMID: 27293560
Kobatake E, et al. (2017). Protective effects and functional mechanisms of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 against oxidative stress. PLoS One. 12(5):e0177106. PMID: 28493927
Zheng J, et al. (2020). A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 70(4):2782-2858. PMID: 32293557
Mehra Y, Viswanathan P. (2021). “High-quality whole-genome sequence analysis of Lactobacillus paragasseri UBLG-36 reveals oxalate-degrading potential of the strain.” PLoS One. 16(11):e0259136. PMID: 34797858
Kadooka Y, Sato M, Imaizumi K, et al. (2010). “Regulation of abdominal adiposity by probiotics (Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055) in adults with obese tendencies in a randomized controlled trial.” Eur J Clin Nutr. 64(6):636-643. PMID: 20216555
Kadooka Y, Sato M, Ogawa A, et al. (2013). “Effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 in fermented milk on abdominal adiposity in adults in a randomised controlled trial.” Br J Nutr. 110(9):1696-1703. PMID: 23614897
Ogawa A, Kadooka Y, Kato K, et al. (2014). “Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 reduces postprandial and fasting serum non-esterified fatty acid levels in Japanese hypertriacylglycerolemic subjects.” Lipids Health Dis. 13:36. PMID: 24548293
Ogawa A, Kobayashi T, Sakai F, et al. (2015). “Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 suppresses fatty acid release through enlargement of fat emulsion size in vitro and promotes fecal fat excretion in healthy Japanese subjects.” Lipids Health Dis. 14:20. PMID: 25884980
Available Products
SBT2055 is added to fermented milk and dietary supplement products sold by Megmilk Snow Brand in Japan [4][5]. LG21/OLL2716 is used in yogurt and supplement products from Meiji Co. [1][2]. Specific product names and international availability.